Internationally, more than 120 million people commute by subway every day. And New Yorkers can finally enjoy their Second Avenue Subway line after waiting almost 100 years for it to arrive.ĢIn Europe alone, commuters in more than 60 cities use rail subways.

On the other side of the Himalayas, Shanghai is building its 15th subway line, set to open in 2020, adding 38.5 km and 32 stations to the world’s largest subway network. Top of pageġFour more major Indian cities will soon have their own metro lines, the country’s government has announced 2. Following on from this, the authors identify some of the key factors influencing subway air pollution and put forward a number of recommendations to help city planners improve air quality in subway systems, as well as commuters protect themselves from the brunt of air pollution in the subway environment. This article reviews some of these studies and puts their results in perspective, given World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines concerning safe concentrations of particulate matter in the air. However, in response to increasing scientific and public awareness regarding the importance of clean air to human health, several studies have revealed unacceptably high levels of inhalable particulate matter (PM) in some subway systems. On top of being crucial to the mobility of city dwellers, subway systems can also play a pivotal role in reducing outdoor air pollution in large metropolises by helping to reduce motor-vehicle use. Internationally, more than 120 million people commute by subway every day, and this number will keep increasing in the future as the United Nations predicts that 75% of the world’s population will be urban by 2050.

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